Lemon Yellow: A Bright, Safe, and Versatile Synthetic Colorant for Global Use Lemon yellow, also known as tartrate yellow, acid yellow, or hydrazine yellow, is a water-soluble synthetic dye with a vibrant, lemon-like hue. Chemically identified as 1-(4-sulfonate phenyl)-4-(4-sulfonate phenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylic acid trisodium salt, this monochromatic pigment offers consistent coloring performance across multiple industries. Recognized globally for its safety profile and versatility, lemon yellow serves as a trusted food additive, pharmaceutical coloring agent, and industrial dye—especially in regions outside China and its territories where regulatory standards differ. Key Features: - High solubility in water, ensuring uniform dispersion in aqueous systems - Exceptional color stability under typical processing conditions - Non-toxic metabolic pathway with minimal bioaccumulation - Approved for use in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and packaging materials - Compliant with international food safety guidelines set by FAO and WHO Detailed Description: This synthetic azo dye is derived from non-toxic raw materials such as p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, and 2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid. Its molecular structure allows it to bond effectively with substrates like wool, silk, and paper, making it ideal for both food-grade applications and textile dyeing. Unlike some artificial colors that may pose health concerns at high doses, lemon yellow has been extensively studied since the early 1990s. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives (JECFA) established a generous acceptable daily intake (ADI), confirming that even regular consumption within regulated limits poses no significant risk to human health. Most of the compound is excreted unchanged via urine, while any minor metabolites are biologically inert and rapidly eliminated. Applications Across Industries: Lemon yellow is widely used in beverages such as fruit-flavored sodas, powdered drinks, and flavored water; confectionery products like pastries, candies, and baked goods; and processed foods including canned fruits, jams, and certain dairy-based items. It is also commonly found in cosmetic formulations, especially in lip balms, lotions, and hair dyes, where its bright tone enhances visual appeal without compromising safety. In the pharmaceutical sector, it helps distinguish dosage forms and improves patient compliance through clear labeling. Additionally, it plays a role in manufacturing color lakes for use in paints, inks, and animal feed supplements. User Feedback: Consumers and manufacturers alike appreciate its vivid yet natural-looking shade that enhances product aesthetics without overpowering flavor profiles. Industry professionals note its ease of handling, compatibility with various pH levels, and resistance to fading during storage. Many users report satisfaction with its consistent results in both liquid and solid matrices, particularly when compared to other synthetic yellows like sunset yellow or tartrazine. Frequently Asked Questions: Is lemon yellow safe for long-term consumption? Yes, extensive research supports its safety when used within permitted concentrations. Can it be used in organic-certified products? While not typically certified as “organic” due to its synthetic origin, it meets strict global food additive standards. Does it affect children’s behavior? No conclusive evidence links lemon yellow to hyperactivity or behavioral changes in children. How does it compare to natural alternatives like turmeric or annatto? Lemon yellow provides more intense and stable coloration than many plant-based pigments, especially in acidic or heat-treated environments. What are the legal limits for usage in different countries? Regulations vary slightly by region, but most Western nations allow up to 100 mg/kg in food products, aligning closely with JECFA recommendations. With its proven safety, broad application range, and reliable performance, lemon yellow remains one of the most trusted synthetic colorants worldwide—offering brands a powerful tool to create visually appealing, compliant, and consumer-friendly products across diverse markets.
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