Catalyst of Energy Metabolism
As a precursor to FMN and FAD, it plays a crucial role in the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, converting energy from food into forms that are usable by cells (such as ATP). This process is particularly vital for energy-demanding organs such as the heart and muscles.
Maintenance of Cellular Health and Repair
It is involved in cell proliferation and growth, supporting the integrity of skin and mucous membranes (such as those in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract). A deficiency can lead to mucosal damage (e.g., oral ulcers). Additionally, it promotes erythropoiesis while assisting with iron absorption and utilization, thereby indirectly preventing anemia.
Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Effects
FAD serves as a coenzyme for glutathione reductase, participating in the body's antioxidant system to mitigate cellular damage caused by free radicals. It supports normal neurological function by engaging in neurotransmitter metabolism and synthesizing myelin—the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers.
Support for Visual Health
It participates in the metabolism of retinol within the retina, maintaining normal vision. This is especially important for dark adaptation capabilities and corneal health.
